p.Glu452fs
FrameshiftF2PathogenicTransmembrane · predictedF2 — Frameshift, NMD-escape — scrambled C-terminus produced
Wild-type vs Translated Product
Left: full-length wild-type wolframin (890 aa) with the frameshift point at residue 452 marked. Right: the same model with the non-native (scrambled) and lost region (residues 452–890) marked — what the frameshift transcript fails to produce as native protein.
Structural / NMD Prediction
Stop codon at position 471 is in the last exon (exon 8, starts ~aa 413). NMD does not target stop codons in the last exon — a truncated protein is produced.
Therapeutic Implication · F2
Protein Domains
- N-terminal cytoplasmic (intrinsically disordered)1–310
- Transmembrane helix 1311–331
- Cytoplasmic loop 1332–340
- Transmembrane helix 2341–361
- Lumenal loop 1362–370
- Transmembrane helix 3371–391
- Cytoplasmic loop 2392–400
- Transmembrane helix 4401–421
- Lumenal loop 2422–431
- Cytoplasmic loop 3453–461
- Transmembrane helix 6462–482
- Lumenal loop 3483–496
- Transmembrane helix 7497–517
- Cytoplasmic loop 4518–532
- Transmembrane helix 8533–553
- Lumenal loop 4554–573
- Transmembrane helix 9574–594
- Cytoplasmic loop 5 / pre-lumenal595–599
- C-terminal ER-lumenal (calcium binding, calmodulin, chaperone)600–890
Clinical Evidence
Observed at very low frequency in gnomAD.
ClinVar classifies this variant as Pathogenic for Nonsyndromic hearing loss (DFNA6/14/38) (autosomal dominant, OMIM 600965); Cataract 41 (autosomal dominant, OMIM 116400); Wolfram syndrome (classic) (autosomal recessive, OMIM 222300); Wolfram-like syndrome (autosomal dominant, OMIM 614296); WFS1-related diabetes (autosomal dominant). These are two clinically distinct disease families: classic Wolfram syndrome requires two affected copies, while the dominant WFS1-related disorders do not. One label covers both, and it does not tell you which applies to a given person.
- Nonsyndromic hearing loss (DFNA6/14/38)autosomal dominant · OMIM 600965submitted as: Autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss 6
- Cataract 41autosomal dominant · OMIM 116400submitted as: Cataract 41
- Wolfram syndrome (classic)autosomal recessive · OMIM 222300submitted as: Wolfram syndrome 1
- Wolfram-like syndromeautosomal dominant · OMIM 614296submitted as: Wolfram-like syndrome
- WFS1-related diabetesautosomal dominantsubmitted as: Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- This rests on a single submitter (1★). Treat the conditions above as submitted, not as documented phenotypes.
- Phenotype scope is interpretation of submitted records. The computed values on this card (AlphaMissense, DynaMut2 ΔΔG, pLDDT) are measurements of the model, not of a patient.
- Presentation cannot be generalised from neighbouring variants: one nucleotide over can present very differently. Structural similarity supports a mechanistic hypothesis, never a phenotype claim.
Review status: 1★ single submitter. ClinVar "conditions" is the union of all submissions; 0–1★ entries are submitted conditions, not documented phenotypes.
Highest in European (non-Finnish): AF 0.00054% (6 of 1,112,000 alleles), in line with the global figure.
No homozygotes reported in gnomAD v4. For a recessive allele this is expected and is not, on its own, evidence either way.
| Ancestry group | Allele freq. | AC / AN | Hom. | Carrier est. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Admixed American · under-sampled | 0.0022% | 1 / 44,722 | 0 | — |
| Remaining individuals · under-sampled | 0.0017% | 1 / 60,384 | 0 | — |
| European (non-Finnish) | 0.00054% | 6 / 1,112,000 | 0 | ~1 in 92670 |
Source: gnomAD r4, retrieved 2026-08-21. Values are allele frequencies. The carrier estimate is derived from the allele frequency (Hardy-Weinberg, ~2·AF) and is an approximation, not a published figure — where a published carrier frequency exists it outranks this column and is cited on the card.
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Download the p.Glu452fs card below and upload it to Wolfram Intelligence to generate therapeutic-strategy proposals matched to this F2 frameshift variant and its domain context.
Full Variant Card
c.1355_1370del — WFS1 Molecular Atlas Card
Variant type: Frameshift Frameshift point: residue 452 Predicted premature stop (PTC): residue 471 Domain context (where the frame breaks): Transmembrane helix 5
Schema category: F2 — Frameshift, NMD-escape — scrambled C-terminus produced
The premature stop falls in the last exon (exon 8), so NMD does not degrade the transcript and a protein IS produced — native sequence up to the frameshift point, then a non-native (scrambled) stretch to the new stop. The garbled C-terminus may misfold or mis-insert and can interfere with folding/membrane insertion of the upstream domains. Behavior is highly variable and typically too compromised for chaperone rescue; gene therapy is the primary path. Wet-lab validation recommended.
Premature-stop prediction
- Frameshift point: aa 452
- Predicted PTC: aa 471 (19 codons downstream of the frame break)
- Method: deterministic translation of edited NM_006005.3 CDS (frameshift position = first changed residue, HGVS convention)
- Confidence: high
NMD prediction
- Status: NMD-escape
- Confidence: high
- Reasoning: Stop codon at position 471 is in the last exon (exon 8, starts ~aa 413). NMD does not target stop codons in the last exon — a truncated protein is produced.
Protein consequence
- Native (wild-type) sequence retained: aa 1 – 451 (50.7% of full-length protein)
- Non-native scrambled stretch: aa 452 – 470 (19 residues of out-of-frame sequence)
- Lost beyond the PTC: aa 471 – 890 (420 residues)
Native domains retained (upstream of the frameshift)
- N-terminal cytoplasmic (intrinsically disordered) (aa 1–310)
- Transmembrane helix 1 (aa 311–331)
- Cytoplasmic loop 1 (aa 332–340)
- Transmembrane helix 2 (aa 341–361)
- Lumenal loop 1 (aa 362–370)
- Transmembrane helix 3 (aa 371–391)
- Cytoplasmic loop 2 (aa 392–400)
- Transmembrane helix 4 (aa 401–421)
- Lumenal loop 2 (aa 422–431)
Domain interrupted at the frameshift point
- Transmembrane helix 5 — native aa 432–451 retained; aa 452–452 replaced by non-native sequence
Native domains downstream of the frameshift (lost or non-native)
- Cytoplasmic loop 3 (aa 453–461)
- Transmembrane helix 6 (aa 462–482)
- Lumenal loop 3 (aa 483–496)
- Transmembrane helix 7 (aa 497–517)
- Cytoplasmic loop 4 (aa 518–532)
- Transmembrane helix 8 (aa 533–553)
- Lumenal loop 4 (aa 554–573)
- Transmembrane helix 9 (aa 574–594)
- Cytoplasmic loop 5 / pre-lumenal (aa 595–599)
- C-terminal ER-lumenal (calcium binding, calmodulin, chaperone) (aa 600–890)
Clinical evidence
Inheritance and scope
Pathogenic — for Nonsyndromic hearing loss (DFNA6/14/38) (autosomal dominant, OMIM 600965); Cataract 41 (autosomal dominant, OMIM 116400); Wolfram syndrome (classic) (autosomal recessive, OMIM 222300); Wolfram-like syndrome (autosomal dominant, OMIM 614296); WFS1-related diabetes (autosomal dominant)
ClinVar classifies this variant as Pathogenic for Nonsyndromic hearing loss (DFNA6/14/38) (autosomal dominant, OMIM 600965); Cataract 41 (autosomal dominant, OMIM 116400); Wolfram syndrome (classic) (autosomal recessive, OMIM 222300); Wolfram-like syndrome (autosomal dominant, OMIM 614296); WFS1-related diabetes (autosomal dominant). These are two clinically distinct disease families: classic Wolfram syndrome requires two affected copies, while the dominant WFS1-related disorders do not. One label covers both, and it does not tell you which applies to a given person.
This rests on a single submitter (1★). Treat the conditions above as submitted, not as documented phenotypes. Phenotype scope is interpretation of submitted records. The computed values on this card (AlphaMissense, DynaMut2 ΔΔG, pLDDT) are measurements of the model, not of a patient. Presentation cannot be generalised from neighbouring variants: one nucleotide over can present very differently. Structural similarity supports a mechanistic hypothesis, never a phenotype claim.
- Classification: Pathogenic
- Review status: criteria provided, single submitter
- Associated conditions: Autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss 6; Cataract 41; Wolfram syndrome 1; Wolfram-like syndrome; Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- cDNA change: c.1355_1370del
- ClinVar accession: VCV003590689
- Last evaluated: 2024/06/07 00:00
- Submissions: 1
Why this variant matters
Because the frame breaks late, in the last exon, the transcript escapes NMD and a protein is actually made: wild-type wolframin up to the break, then a stretch of non-native sequence to a new stop. That scrambled C-terminus is the wildcard — it can drag the upstream domains out of fold. The atlas quantifies exactly how much native protein survives and how long the non-native tail is — the data a wet-lab needs to predict behavior.
Card generated by wolfram-atlas-batch skill (v2 — frameshift pipeline) on 2026-06-08T02:15:21.586706Z.
NMD rule and schema definitions: reference/nmd_rules.md, reference/card_schema_extension.md.
CDS reference: NM_006005.3 (171..2843). WFS1 reference: UniProt O76024, AlphaFold model v6.