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R228C

Category 4 — Stable Fold, Function DisruptedUncertain significanceCytoplasmic · predictedSource card
ArginineCysteine at position 228 · N-terminal cytoplasmic (intrinsically disordered) · WFS1 (Wolframin)

Interactive 3D Structure

Wild-type reference
Wild-type R228 — hydrogen bond to Q224
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DynaMut2 mutant · R228C
Mutant C228 — hydrogen bond contact to K225 lost
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Bond changes · DynaMut2 interaction analysis

1 lost1 gained8 preserved
Interaction typeWild-type partnerMutant partnerStatus
Hydrogen bondQ224Q224Preserved
Hydrogen bondK225K225Preserved
Hydrogen bondE231E231Preserved
Hydrogen bondR232R232Preserved
Polar contactQ224Q224Preserved
Polar contactK225K225Preserved
Polar contactE231Gained
Polar contactR232R232Preserved
Van der WaalsQ224Lost
Van der WaalsR232R232Preserved

Lost / gained / preserved interatomic contacts at the variant residue, from the DynaMut2 (Arpeggio) interaction analysis of the wild-type and energy-minimized mutant structures.

Computational Predictions

DynaMut2 ΔΔG
0.27kcal/mol
Stabilising — mild
AlphaMissense
0.353
ambiguous
AlphaFold pLDDT
76
model confidence
Schema
Cat 4
Category 4 — Stable Fold, Function Disrupted
ΔΔG confidence: Standard confidence · Cytoplasmic

This variant is in a water-facing region, which is the regime the stability predictor was built and benchmarked for. Ordinary predictor error still applies.

Clinical Evidence

ClinVar classificationUncertain significance
Review statuscriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
Associated conditionsInborn genetic diseases
Population frequency (gnomAD v4)Common · AF 6.84%
cDNA changec.682C>T
ClinVar accessionVCV003250140
Last evaluated2025/04/12 00:00

Population frequency too high for a penetrant Wolfram allele — stand-alone benign evidence (ACMG BA1).

Classified for2★ documented assertion

ClinVar classifies this variant as Uncertain significance, but does not state what it is classified for. ClinVar records the condition only as "Inborn genetic diseases". A classification without a phenotype and an inheritance mode cannot be read as a statement about Wolfram syndrome risk or severity.

  • Phenotype scope is interpretation of submitted records. The computed values on this card (AlphaMissense, DynaMut2 ΔΔG, pLDDT) are measurements of the model, not of a patient.
  • Presentation cannot be generalised from neighbouring variants: one nucleotide over can present very differently. Structural similarity supports a mechanistic hypothesis, never a phenotype claim.

Review status: 2★ multiple submitters, no conflicts. ClinVar "conditions" is the union of all submissions; 0–1★ entries are submitted conditions, not documented phenotypes.

Population frequency
Global (all ancestries)
AF 6.84% · 110,332 / 1,613,996 alleles
Homozygotes
4,378
Highest-frequency population
Amish · AF 17.73%

Highest in Amish: AF 17.73% (161 of 908 alleles), 2.6x the global figure. The global AF describes the general population, not the at-risk group.

4378 homozygotes reported in gnomAD v4 (19 Amish; 55 Middle Eastern; 155 Ashkenazi Jewish; 3685 European (non-Finnish); 149 Remaining individuals; 233 South Asian; 47 Admixed American; 28 Finnish; 7 African / African American). gnomAD excludes individuals with severe pediatric disease, so homozygotes in this dataset argue against a fully penetrant severe recessive phenotype and belong in the clinical picture. This is interpretive signal, not a classification.

Ancestry groupAllele freq.AC / ANHom.Carrier est.
Amish17.73%161 / 90819~1 in 3
Middle Eastern12.36%749 / 6,06255~1 in 4
Ashkenazi Jewish9.49%2,810 / 29,604155~1 in 5
European (non-Finnish)7.77%91,698 / 1,179,9163685~1 in 6
Remaining individuals6.46%4,036 / 62,502149~1 in 8
South Asian6.30%5,734 / 91,068233~1 in 8
Admixed American3.83%2,298 / 60,01847~1 in 13
Finnish2.86%1,833 / 64,03228~1 in 17
African / African American1.32%991 / 75,0247~1 in 38
East Asian0.049%22 / 44,8620~1 in 1020

Source: gnomAD r4, retrieved 2026-08-21. Values are allele frequencies. The carrier estimate is derived from the allele frequency (Hardy-Weinberg, ~2·AF) and is an approximation, not a published figure — where a published carrier frequency exists it outranks this column and is cited on the card.

Full Variant Card

WFS1 Wolframin — R228C Variant Card

Molecular Atlas Pilot · RareResearch.AI · Generated by wolfram-variant-card skill

Arginine → Cysteine at position 228. N-terminal cytoplasmic (intrinsically disordered). ClinVar Uncertain significance, AlphaMissense 0.353, DynaMut2 ΔΔG +0.27 kcal/mol (stabilising).


Identity

FieldValue
VariantR228C (p.Arginine228Cysteine)
DNA changec.682C>T
Gene · ProteinWFS1 · Wolframin (890 aa)
UniProtO76024 · WFS1_HUMAN
ClinVar accessionVCV003250140
Amino acid changeArginine (R) → Cysteine (C)

Structural Context

FieldValue
AlphaFold modelAF-O76024-F1, v6
pLDDT at residue 22876.00 — well-folded
DomainN-terminal cytoplasmic (intrinsically disordered)
Position contextN-terminal cytoplasmic (intrinsically disordered)
IDR flagNo — pLDDT above 50 threshold

UniProt features at this position:

(none catalogued)

Position 228 sits in N-terminal cytoplasmic (intrinsically disordered). The wild-type residue is positively charged (arginine — guanidinium, strong H-bond donor); the mutant is thiol (cysteine — disulfide-capable, free -SH). The chemistry shift implies altered local packing, hydrogen-bonding, and/or electrostatics at this site.


Computational Predictions

AlphaMissense

FieldValue
am_pathogenicity0.3530
am_classambiguous
InterpretationLikely benign (threshold 0.564)

DynaMut2

FieldValue
ΔΔG (kcal/mol)0.27 (Stabilising)
Job ID178094704238
Result URLJob 178094704238 · retrieved 2026-06-08 — result self-hosted by RareResearch.AI (Biosig no longer serves this page)

Clinical Evidence

Inheritance and scope

Uncertain significance — phenotype scope not stated in ClinVar

ClinVar classifies this variant as Uncertain significance, but does not state what it is classified for. ClinVar records the condition only as "Inborn genetic diseases". A classification without a phenotype and an inheritance mode cannot be read as a statement about Wolfram syndrome risk or severity.

Phenotype scope is interpretation of submitted records. The computed values on this card (AlphaMissense, DynaMut2 ΔΔG, pLDDT) are measurements of the model, not of a patient. Presentation cannot be generalised from neighbouring variants: one nucleotide over can present very differently. Structural similarity supports a mechanistic hypothesis, never a phenotype claim.

FieldValue
ClassificationUncertain significance
Review statuscriteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
Last evaluated2025/04/12 00:00
InheritanceInheritance pattern not specified in ClinVar entry; WFS1 has both AD and AR presentations.
WFS1 variant landscapeR228C is 1 of ~326 pathogenic-spectrum variants in WFS1 (out of 2,243 catalogued in ClinVar)
  • Inborn genetic diseases

Research Path Decision Tree

ΔΔG < 2  + binding site affected   →  CATEGORY 3 — docking experiments
ΔΔG 2–4                            →  CATEGORY 2 — pharmacological chaperones
ΔΔG > 4                            →  CATEGORY 1 — gene therapy
pLDDT < 50                         →  CATEGORY 5 — IDR, experimental only
Stable fold + functional site hit  →  CATEGORY 4 — site-specific docking

Final Schema Categorization

Category 4 — Stable Fold, Function Disrupted

<strong>Category 4 — Stable Fold, Function Disrupted</strong><br/><br/>|ΔΔG|=0.27 negligible. Likely site-specific functional disruption — docking strategy.

Why this card matters. Wolframin's fold survives this substitution (|ΔΔG|=0.27 kcal/mol). The pathogenic signal is real — AlphaMissense places it at 0.353. Protein still folds, but a specific local site is broken. Pharmacological chaperones and small-molecule binders are the rational therapeutic vector.


Files in this folder

  • AF-O76024-F1-model_v6.pdb — AlphaFold structure
  • R228C_molstar_viewer.html — interactive 3D viewer (auto-highlights position 228 with ball-and-stick + neighbors within 5Å)
  • R228C_variant_card.md — this card (source of truth)
  • R228C_variant_card.html — styled printable card
  • R228C_dynamut2_summary.html — clean offline DynaMut2 result card
  • dynamut2_result.json — structured result data
  • dynamut2_result_page.html — local snapshot of the Biosig result page (asset URLs absolutized)
  • R228C_wildtype_interactions.pse / R228C_mutant_interactions.pse — PyMOL sessions

Generated by wolfram-variant-card skill · RareResearch.AI Molecular Atlas Every assumption documented. Every score sourced.

Therapeutic Strategy Handoff · prediction

Feed this card to Wolfram Intelligence

Download the R228C PDF below and upload it to Wolfram Intelligence to generate therapeutic-strategy proposals — guanidinium mimetics, sigma-1 agonist docking, NAC thiol-capping. NAC is already on the bench-testing list.

Download R228C PDF card ↓Strategies are AI-generated predictions, not validated therapeutics.