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R685H

Category 4 — Stable Fold, Function DisruptedConflictingLumenal · predictedσ-1 candidateEditorial
ArginineHistidine at position 685 · C-terminal lumenal domain (653-869) · WFS1 (Wolframin)

Arginine → Histidine at position 685 — SAME position as R685P (Atlas card flagship pathogenic-stabilising variant) and R685C. ClinVar Conflicting with broad spectrum — Wolfram, Cataract 41, DFNA6. AlphaMissense 0.12 (below threshold) — AM under-call. DynaMut2 ΔΔG -1.18 (substantial).

Interactive 3D Structure

Wild-type reference
Wild-type R685 — hydrogen bond to L689
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DynaMut2 mutant · R685H
Mutant H685 — energy-minimized; local contact network preserved
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Bond changes · DynaMut2 interaction analysis

0 lost0 gained8 preserved
Interaction typeWild-type partnerMutant partnerStatus
Hydrogen bondN682N682Preserved
Hydrogen bondI688I688Preserved
Hydrogen bondL689L689Preserved
Polar contactN682N682Preserved
Polar contactM683M683Preserved
Polar contactI688I688Preserved
Polar contactL689L689Preserved
Van der WaalsM683M683Preserved

Lost / gained / preserved interatomic contacts at the variant residue, from the DynaMut2 (Arpeggio) interaction analysis of the wild-type and energy-minimized mutant structures.

Computational Predictions

DynaMut2 ΔΔG
-1.18kcal/mol
Destabilising — moderate
AlphaMissense
0.120
LBen
AlphaFold pLDDT
90
model confidence
Schema
Cat 4
Category 4 — Stable Fold, Function Disrupted
ΔΔG confidence: Standard confidence · Lumenal

This variant is in a water-facing region, which is the regime the stability predictor was built and benchmarked for. Ordinary predictor error still applies.

Clinical Evidence

ClinVar classificationConflicting classifications of pathogenicity
Review statuscriteria provided, conflicting classifications
Associated conditionsWolfram syndrome 1; Cataract 41; Autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss 6 (DFNA6)
InheritanceBroad multi-phenotype.
Population frequency (gnomAD v4)Low frequency · AF 0.016%
cDNA changec.2054G>A
ClinVar accessionVCV000215395
Last evaluated2025/08/09 00:00

Observed in the general population.

Classified for1★ unverified submission

ClinVar classifies this variant as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity for Wolfram syndrome (classic) (autosomal recessive, OMIM 222300); Cataract 41 (autosomal dominant, OMIM 116400); Nonsyndromic hearing loss (DFNA6/14/38) (autosomal dominant, OMIM 600965); WFS1-related diabetes (autosomal dominant); Wolfram-like syndrome (autosomal dominant, OMIM 614296); Hearing loss, inheritance unstated (inheritance not specified). These are two clinically distinct disease families: classic Wolfram syndrome requires two affected copies, while the dominant WFS1-related disorders do not. One label covers both, and it does not tell you which applies to a given person.

  • Wolfram syndrome (classic)autosomal recessive · OMIM 222300submitted as: Wolfram syndrome 1; Wolfram syndrome 1
  • Cataract 41autosomal dominant · OMIM 116400submitted as: Cataract 41
  • Nonsyndromic hearing loss (DFNA6/14/38)autosomal dominant · OMIM 600965submitted as: Autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss 6
  • WFS1-related diabetesautosomal dominantsubmitted as: Type 2 diabetes mellitus
  • Wolfram-like syndromeautosomal dominant · OMIM 614296submitted as: Wolfram-like syndrome; Wolfram-like syndrome
  • Hearing loss, inheritance unstatedinheritance not specifiedsubmitted as: Hearing impairment
  • Submitters conflict on this classification (1★). Treat the conditions above as submitted, not as documented phenotypes.
  • Phenotype scope is interpretation of submitted records. The computed values on this card (AlphaMissense, DynaMut2 ΔΔG, pLDDT) are measurements of the model, not of a patient.
  • Presentation cannot be generalised from neighbouring variants: one nucleotide over can present very differently. Structural similarity supports a mechanistic hypothesis, never a phenotype claim.

Review status: 1★ conflicting classifications. ClinVar "conditions" is the union of all submissions; 0–1★ entries are submitted conditions, not documented phenotypes.

Population frequency
Global (all ancestries)
AF 0.016% · 260 / 1,612,740 alleles
Homozygotes
0
Highest-frequency population
Middle Eastern · AF 0.033%

Highest in Middle Eastern: AF 0.033% (2 of 6,084 alleles), 2.0x the global figure. The global AF describes the general population, not the at-risk group.

No homozygotes reported in gnomAD v4. For a recessive allele this is expected and is not, on its own, evidence either way.

Ancestry groupAllele freq.AC / ANHom.Carrier est.
Middle Eastern0.033%2 / 6,0840~1 in 1520
European (non-Finnish)0.019%221 / 1,179,9280~1 in 2670
Admixed American0.015%9 / 60,0160~1 in 3330
Remaining individuals0.013%8 / 62,4600~1 in 3900
African / African American0.012%9 / 74,9340~1 in 4160
East Asian0.0089%4 / 44,8880~1 in 5610
Finnish0.0064%4 / 62,8260~1 in 7850
South Asian0.0033%3 / 91,0860~1 in 15180

Source: gnomAD r4, retrieved 2026-08-21. Values are allele frequencies. The carrier estimate is derived from the allele frequency (Hardy-Weinberg, ~2·AF) and is an approximation, not a published figure — where a published carrier frequency exists it outranks this column and is cited on the card.

Structural Context

Position 685 same neighbors as R685P/R685C: THR686 (2.5 Å), ALA684 (2.5 Å — A684T/V/G), ASN682 (3.5 Å), MET683 (4.3 Å), GLN687 (4.4 Å — Q687H).

R685H is the THIRD substitution at position 685 (with R685P, R685C). Partial charge reduction. |ΔΔG| 1.18 substantial; AM 0.12 under-call; multi-phenotype confirms.

Amino-acid chemistry
Arginine (R) → Histidine (H) — long positively-charged amine replaced by smaller titratable aromatic.
Position in the protein
C-terminal lumenal domain · position 685 (pLDDT 90). Same as R685P, R685C.

Druggability Assessment

Category 3/4 — Most Druggable (AM under-call). |ΔΔG| 1.18 substantial. AlphaMissense 0.12 below threshold but THREE phenotypes + substantial ΔΔG confirm pathogenicity.

Mechanism: partial charge loss in the dense 684-688 cluster. Therapeutic: same cluster target as R685P, R685C, A684T/V/G, Q687H.

Why this matters

R685H is the THIRD substitution at position 685. The 684-688 cluster now contains 7+ variants — densest hub in the Atlas.
Therapeutic Strategy Handoff · prediction

Feed this card to Wolfram Intelligence

Download the R685H PDF below and upload it to Wolfram Intelligence to generate therapeutic-strategy proposals — guanidinium mimetics, sigma-1 agonist docking, NAC thiol-capping. NAC is already on the bench-testing list.

Download R685H PDF card ↓Strategies are AI-generated predictions, not validated therapeutics.

UniProt Domain Annotation

Chain1890 · Wolframin
Topological domain653869 · Lumenal
Natural variant685685 · in DFNA6; dbSNP:rs142668478